What does LAT1 do?
LAT1 mediates the influx of neutral EAA (leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, methionine, histidine, tryptophan, valine, and tyrosine) into cells [9,10] in exchange for the efflux of intracellular substrates (EAA or glutamine) [11,12], thus acting as an antiporter.
What amino acids does LAT1 transport?
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is an L-type amino acid transporter and transports large neutral amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, and histidine.
What does LAT1 stand for?
Abbreviations
| LAT1 | Large Amino Acid Transporter 1 |
|---|---|
| mTOR | mammalian Target of Rapamicyn |
| GCN2 | general control nonderepressible 2 |
| PET | Positron Emission Tomography |
| BNCT | Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. |
Where is LAT1 located?
LAT1 is ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels observed in the brain, spleen, bone marrow, testis, and placenta. In the blood-brain barrier, LAT1 is localized on both the apical and basolateral membranes. In other polarized epithelia, it is mainly localized in basolateral membranes.
Does tryptophan help digestion?
Tryptophan Provides Precursors for Serotonin Serotonin is most well-known for stabilizing mood and creating feelings of well-being, but it also helps regulate appetite, digestion, and body temperature.
What is tryptophan metabolism?
Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism is associated with aging and produces metabolites that control inflammation, regulate energy homeostasis and modulate behavior (8). We discuss how activation of Trp metabolism could be involved in the control of inflammaging and how this can alter the Trp metabolite milieu.
What proteins have tryptophan?
Tryptophan is found in a wide variety of protein-containing foods, including eggs, cheese, meat (especially turkey), fish, wheat, rice, potatoes, and bananas. Since tryptophan must be ingested in food, the WHO has set a typical recommended daily intake for tryptophan at 4 mg/kg of body weight (WHO, 2007).
What is the importance of tryptophan metabolism?
In addition to its function as a defense strategy, tryptophan metabolism plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the immune response, by slowing down T cell proliferation.
Where does tryptophan metabolism occur?
It is the primary route for tryptophan catabolism in the liver and the starting point for the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in mammals. Dysregulation or overactivation of this pathway can lead to immune system activation and accumulation of potentially neurotoxic compounds.